कंप्यूटर की विशेषता

 

 

fo’ks"krk,aW %&

 

1- Expert systems %& ;g Artificial intelligence ds {ks= esa vkrk gSA

 

2- U;wjy usVodZ %& ;g Hkh Artificial intelligence ds {ks= esa vkrk gSA

 

3- eksckby dEI;wVfjax %& vkt dh fleVrh nqfu;k esa ysiVkWi] eksckby Qksu PDA palm top bR;kfn dEI;wVj lacaf/kr xfrfof/k;ksa esa dke vkrs gSaA

 

4- u, ÅtkZ fodYi %& ih 0 lh0 ds u, ÅtkZ ds L=ksr fodflr gks jgs gSaA esFkhukWy ls cus lsy ,d ckj ds pktZ ij ikaWp ?k.Vs rd py ldrs gSaA

 

5- dLVej fjysluf’ki eSustes.V %& blds vUrxZr dEiuh dh xzkgdksa ds laca/k esa vko’;drk,aW iwjh gksrh gSaA

 

6- MsVk os;j gkÅflax %& cM+h&c<+h dEifu;ksa ds ikl djksMksa fjdkMZ gks ldrs gSaA MsVk os;j gkÅflax esa bUgha fjdkM+Z dks ysdj dqN u, pyu ds rkSj&rjhds rS;kj fd, tkrs gSaA

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7- ,UVjizkbt fjlkslZ Iykfuax %& ;g dk;Z flQZ cM+h dEifu;ksa esa gh gksrs gSaA

 

8- Vh 0 oh 0 ij bUVjusV %& Vh 0 oh 0 ij ge bUVjusV pyk ldrs gSaA

 

 

Basic computer of a computer system

dEI;wVjksa ds ikVZl

   dksbZ Hkh flLVe ijLij :Ik ls vkfJr dEiksusaVl dk dkWfEcus’ku gS tks ,d iwoZ fu/kkZfjr ;kstuk ds vUrxZr bdV~Bs dk;Z dj jgs gSa ftlls flLVe vius mn~ns’; dh izkfIr dj ldsA flLVe dks lqpk# #i ls pykus ds fy, bu lHkh dEiksusaV de jgrk gS rks flLVe laHkor% vius mn~ns’; dh izkfIr ugha dj ik,xkA dEI;wVj flLVe Hkh blh izdkj dk;Z djsxkA blesa dqN Hkh dEiksusaV gSa tks feydj dEI;wVj dks lqpk# #i ls pykus esa enn djrs gSaA buesa ;fn ,d dEiksusaV Hkh de gks tkrk gS rks dEI;wVj gekjs dke ugha vk ik,xkA

 

 

 

 

 

;s ikV~Zl bl izdkj gSa

 

1- buiqV fMokbl %&

                  tSlk fd uke ls gh fofnr gksrk gS bl izdkj ds ikV~Zl ds }kjk ge dEI;wVj esa <sVk buiqV dj ldrs gSaA gekjk lkjk <sVk buiqV fMokbl ds tfj, dEI;wVj esa izfo"V fd;k tkrk gS] Hkys gh og vad gks ;k v{kj ;k /ofu gksA

 

                 lEHkor% lcls vke buiqV fMokbl dh cksMZ gS ftlds }kjk ge <sVk Vkbi dj ldrs gSaA ;g ,d VkbijkVj ds leku dht fy, gksrk gSA

 

 

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2- lh 0 ih 0 ;w 0 %& lh 0 ih 0 ;w 0 vFkkZr~ lsUVªy izklsflax ;wfuV dks ge ykWftd fpi Hkh dgrs gSaA lh0 ih0 ;w0 dEI;wVj dk efLr"d dgk tk ldrk gSA dEI;wVj ds lkjs dk;Z lh0 ih0 ;w0 ds ek/;e ls fd, tkrs gSaAlh0 ih0 ;w0 dks ge ekbØksizkslslj ;k fpi Hkh dgrs gSaA

 

1- Control unit %& ;g lh-ih-;w- dk og Hkkx gS tks dEI;wVj ds fu;U=d dk dk;Z djrk gSA ;g memory esa j[ks data dks i<+rk gS] mls Alu rd ds fy, Hkstrk gS rFkk output dks LØhu ij ;k fdlh vU; LFkku ij Hkstrk gSA

 

 

2- ALU %& Arithmetic and logic unit vius uke ds vuqlkj gh dk;Z djrk gSA ;g xf.krh; dk;Z rFkk rkfdZd dk;Z iw.kZ djrk gSA vr% xq.kk] Hkkx] tksM+&?kVko vkfn lc dk;Z alu esa gksrs gSaA

 

 

3- Mother board enj CksMZ %& enj cksMZ dks ge esu ykWftd cksMZ ;k flLVe cksMZ Hkh dgrs gSaA ;g gekjs dEI;wVj dh HkkSfrd uhao dk dke djrk gSA ftl dkj.k ge bls csl cksMZ ;k esu cksMZ Hkh dgrs gSaA

 

 

4- Output devices vkmViqV FMokblsl %& bl xzqi ds fMokblsl ge dks dEI;qVj ls vkmViqV fnyokrs gSaA dEI;wVj ds vUnj izklsflax dh lkjh xfrfof/k;ksa dk urhtk vkmViqV fMokbl esa utj vkrk gS] fQj Hkys gh fdlh Hkh izdkj dk MsVk D;ksa uk gksA

 

 

                          lEHkor% lcls vke vkmViqV fMokbl ekWuhVj gS tks ,d Vh0 oh0 ds leku fn[krk gS rFkk urhts vius LØhu ij fn[kkrk gSA

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,d vkSj vkmViqV fMokbl fizUVj gS ftlds }kjk ge urhtksa dks dkxt ij izkIr dj ldrs gSaA ;g dkxt Hkh fofHkUu izdkj ds gks ldrs gSaA tSls fd lk/kkj.k isij] cVj isij] ;k dqN vU;A dkxt ij miyC/k gksus okyh tkudkjh dks ge dkih dgrs gSaA

 

 

Hardware gkMZos;j %&gkMZos;j esa ge dEI;wVj ds buiqV rFkk vkmViqV fMokblsl dk lek;kstu djrs gSaA ;g lHkh dEI;wVj ds fQftdy ikVZl gh gSa tks feydj dEI;wVj dks dk;Z djus esa enn djrs gSaA

 

      nwljs ’kCnksa esa gkMZos;j ds lkFk gel lh/ks rkSj ij dk;Z dj ldrs gSaA gkMZos;j esa ’kkfey vkmViqV rFkk buiqV fMokblsl dks ge isjhQsjYl Hkh dgrs gSaA

 

 

Software %& lkWIVos;j ,d dEI;wVj [kjhnuk gh dkQh ugha gS ml ij dk;Z djus gsrq gesa ,d vkSj pht dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA bl pht dks ge lkIVos;j dgrs gSaA ;s dqN&dqN Vh0 oh0 ds iz;ksx ds leku gSaA Vh0 oh0 [kjhnus ek= ls ge dk;ZØe ugha ns[k ldrs gSa Bhd mlh rjg dEI;wVj esa Hkh lkIVos;j dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA ftl rjg dk;ZØe ds fcuk Vh0 oh0 ek= ltkoVh oLrq cu tk,xk mlh izdkj software ds fcuk hardware Hkh fujFkZd gSA

 

 

Memory%& eseksjh Ekseksjh og LFkku gS tgkaW gekjs izksxzke ds funsZ’k rFkk MsVk j[ks jgrs gSa rFkk ftUgsa gekjk microprocessor rsth ls i<+ ldrk gSA nwljs ’kCnksa esa] gekjs }kjk fn;k x;k MsVk rFkk computer ds }kjk fudkys x, urhts eseksjh esa gh fjdkMZ fd, tk,xsaA

 

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Memory gekjs Computer dk vkarfjd Storage area gSA eaeksjh ls gekjk rkRi;Z Ckhp ij Data Storaha ls gS] tcfd Storage ls gekjk RkkRi;Z ml eseksjh ls gS tks Tape ;k DiSc ij miyC/k gSA eseksjh ‘’kCn dks ge fQthdy eseksjh esa ge okLrfod fpi dk ftØ djrs gSa tks gekjk MkVk j[krs gSaA

 

 

     Ekku ysa fd ge oks uEcj tksM+ jgs gSaA ,sls esa ge Øekuqlkj ;s lkjs dne ns[ksaxsa%&

 

 

1- lcls igys izksxzke yksM gksxk ,slk gksus ij izksxzke gkMZ fMLd ;k Floppy DiSC ls mBdj esu eseksjh esa vk tk;sxkA

 

2- tc ge nks uEcj nsaxsa rks og Hkh esu eseksjh esa vk tk;saxsA

 

3- izksxzke uEcjksa dks tksM+sxk rFkk urhtk eseksjh esa LVksj dj ysxkA

 

4- blds i’pkr~ urhtk gedks ekWuhVj fiUVj ij fn[kk;k tk;sxkA

 

tSlk ge ns[k jgs gSa] dEI;wVj dh eseksjh gj dne ij ,d egRoiw.kZ jksy vnk dj jgh gSA eseksjh dk lkbt nks egRoiw.kZ ckrksa dks fu;af=r djrk gS%&

 

¼v½ ,d lkFk pyus okys izksxzkeksa dh la[;k ftruh T;knk eseksjh miyC/k gksxh mrus gh T;knk izksxzke ,d lkFk pyk;s tk ldrs gSaA

 

¼c½ izksxzke dh dk;Z djus dh xfr lk/kkj.kr% vf/kd eseksjh gksus ij dEI;wVj vf/kd xfr ls dk;Z djrk gSA ge vius dEI;wVj dh xfr vf/kd eseksjh Mkydj c<+k ldrs gSaA